Module 1

Introduction to Ergonomics

1. Quick Start Guide to Ergonomics

Part I: Human Capability

Module 2

Occupational Anatomy

1. Introduction to Musculoskeletal Anatomy

2. The Spine

3. The Rotator Cuff

4. The Joints

5. The Tendons

6. The Muscles

7. The Nerves

8. Range of Motion ROM Wrist Forearm Flexion Extension Ulnar Radial Deviation Pronation and Supination

Module 3

Occupational Biomechanics

1. Resolve and Add Forces

2. Moment Torque Explained

3. Moment Calculation Basics

4. Classes Types of Lever in the Human Body

5. Lever Systems in the Human Body Explained with Example Knee Joint First, Second or Third Class?

6. How to Solve Lever Problems

7. Biomechanical Effect of Work Elbow Lever Example

8. Biomechanical Effect of Work Elbow Posture Example

9. Biomechanical Effect of Work Back Muscle (Erector Spinae) Force Calculation Example

10. Biomechanical Effect of Work Lower Back Problem Example

11. Effect of Posture on the Lower Back while Lifting Weight

12. Effect of Body Weight and Posture on the Lower Back

13. Which Population Strength Should You Use to Design Physical Work? – It’s Not What You Think

14. The Reasons for Various Levers in the Human Body – Evolved or God Given?

15. Calf Muscle and Ankle Joint Reaction Forces | When the Foot Begins to Move Up

16. Calf Muscle and Ankle Joint Reaction Forces | When the Foot Is All the Way Up

17. Why the Calf Muscle Requires Thousands of Pounds Despite Its Mechanical Advantage Second-Class Lever

18. Back Muscle and Disc Compression Forces Example Calculation

Module 4

Occupational Physiology

You could download the formulas used in the videos: Work Physiology Formulas updated Feb 2020

1. How to Estimate Normal Blood Pressure

2. Maximum Heart Rate

3. Heart Rate Reserve (=Maximum Aerobic Capacity or Power)

4. Percent of HR Reserve

5. Activity Training Exercise Ergonomic Zone of Heart Rate Reserve

6. Target/Activity Heart Rate

7. Training Zone Heart Rate

8. Design and Evaluate Worktask Using Heart Rate

9. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

10. Activity Metabolism (Calorie Burn) from Heart Rate

11. Calorie Burn Calculation in Running Using Body Weight & Distance

12. Calorie Burn Calculation in Walking Using Body Weight & Distance

13. Daily Calorie Requirement Based on BMR

14. Digestive Metabolism

15. Daily Calorie Requirement based on Activity

16. Food Calorie Calculation

17. Human Body Efficiency in Converting Food to Energy

18. How to Calculate Mechanical Work for Running

19. Human Body Mechanical Efficiency

20. What is the most Efficient Transportation, Walking, Running, Cycling, Motorcycling, or Driving a Car?

21. Target Heart Rate Calculation: Common Application Mistakes

22. Excess Protein Turns Into Fat, Not muscle

23. Total Calorie Required Not What You Think

24. Human Running Efficiency Common Mistake

Part II: Workstation

Module 5

Workstation Design Using Anthropometric Design Principle

Be sure to check the ADA guidelines before applying the design principles shown in the videos. For instance: (1) Grocery store checkout counters should be no higher than 38 inches, (2) Accessible restaurant tables should have a surface height between 28 and 34 inches, (3) and so on.

1. Anthropometric Design

2. Anthropometric Data Conversion

3. Door Height

4. Non-Adjustable Chair Height

5. Adjustable Chair Height

6. Non-Adjustable Table Desk Height

7. Chair Seat Width

8. Airplane Seat Width

9. Seat Length

10. Bicycle Top Tube Height

Common Mistakes

11. Can ADA Requirements Be Ignored in Ergonomic Design?

12. Correct Use of Anthropometric Data: A Common Mistake

13. Can AI Be Trusted in Anthropometric Design?

14. Anthropometric Design Principle

Part III: Manual Work

Module 6

NIOSH Lifting Equation

1. Introduction

2. Single Task

3. Multi-Tasks (Only for Graduate Students)

Most Common Mistake 

4. Duration

5. Recommendation

Module 7

Manual Work Design Tools and Methods

1. Borg Scale

2. SOFI

3. RULA 

4. REBA  

5. Strain Index 1

6. Strain Index 2

7. Snook Table

8. How to Choose the Correct Ergonomic Tools and Methods

Part IV: Work Environment

Module 8

Work Environment Noise

1. Addition

2. Exchange Rate 

3. Exposure (8-Hour Shift)

4. Action vs. Permissible Levels

Module 9

Work Environment Climate

1. Heat Stress Evaluation Basic Method used by OSHA NIOSH CDC

2. Heat Stress Evaluation Quick and Easy Method Used by OSHA NIOSH CDC

3. Acclimatization Guideline by OSHA, NIOSH, & CDC, Exposure to Heat and Hot Environments

4. Heat Stress Heat Related Illness Heat Stroke, Heat Exhaustion, Rhabdomyolysis, Heat Syncope, Heat Cramps, Heat Rash, Symptoms & What to do? (Document Used in the Video)

Part V: Hazard Analysis

Module 10

Risk, Safety & Hazard Assessment Tools: FTA & FMEA

1. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)

2. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)

Part VI: Time Study

Module 11

Time Study & Work Measurement

Introduction

1. Learning Curve

2. Work Measurement Motion Time Study (Document used in the Video)

Cycle Time, Sample Size, and Occurrence Sampling

3. Cycle time, required number of observations, and sample size

4. Work Occurrence Sampling, Observations, and Sample Size

Performance Rating and Allowances

5. Pace Speed Rating

6. Speed Rating System

7. Westinghouse Rating System

8. Synthetic Rating

9. Allowances

Standard Normal and Observed Time

10. Introduction

11. Example 1

12. Example 2

Predetermined Time Systems

13. Introduction

14. MTM 1

15. MTM 2

16. MOST

Use of AI

17. Waste of Time?

References

References for Module 1 Introduction to Ergonomics

*All references for each module are listed based on the use in the video demonstrations, not by the alphabetic order.

1. Overall

2. Sanders, M. and McCormick E. (1993) Human Factors In Engineering and Design 7th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education.

3. Konz, S and Johnson, S (2008).  Work Design:  Occupational Ergonomics, 7th Edition.  Holcomb Hathaway Publications: Scottsdale, AZ.

4. Pheasant, S., & Haslegrave, C. M. (2016). Bodyspace: Anthropometry, ergonomics and the design of work, 3rd Edition. Boca Raton : CRC Press.

5. Freivalds, A., Niebel, B. (2013). Niebel's Methods, Standards, & Work Design, 13th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education

6. Chaffin, D. B., Andersson, G. B. J., Martin, B. J., & John Wiley & Sons. (2006). Occupational biomechanics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

7. Åstrand, P.-O. (2003). Textbook of work physiology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

8. Helander, M. (2005). A guide to human factors and ergonomics, 2nd Edition. Crc Press.

2. Cognitive Ergonomics

1. Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G.,  Banbury, S. & Parasuraman, R. (2012). Engineering Psychology and Human Performance. London: Taylor and Francis.

3. Macroergonomics/Organizational Ergonomics

1. Pasmore, W. A. (1988). Designing effective organizations: The sociotechnical systems perspective. New York: Wiley.

2. Hendrick, H. W., & In Kleiner, B. M. (2009). Macroergonomics: Theory, methods, and applications. Mahwah, N.J: CRC Press.

Reference for Module 2 Occupational Anatomy

1. Chaffin, D. B., Andersson, G. B. J., Martin, B. J., & John Wiley & Sons. (2006). Occupational biomechanics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

2. Reese, N. B., & Bandy, W. D. (2016). Joint range of motion and muscle length testing. 3rd edition. ISBN-10: 1455758825, ISBN-13: 978-1455758821.

3. Delavier, F. (2010). Strength training anatomy, 3rd Edition. Human Kinetics, Inc. ISBN-10: 0736092269, ISBN-13: 978-0736092265.

Reference for Module 3 Occupational Biomechanics

1. Chaffin, D. B., Andersson, G. B. J., Martin, B. J., & John Wiley & Sons. (2006). Occupational biomechanics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

2. Delavier, F. (2010). Strength training anatomy, 3rd Edition. Human Kinetics, Inc. ISBN-10: 0736092269, ISBN-13: 978-0736092265.

3. Konz, S and Johnson, S (2008).  Work Design:  Occupational Ergonomics, 7th Edition.  Holcomb Hathaway Publications: Scottsdale, AZ.

Reference for Module 4 Occupational Physiology

1. Åstrand, P.-O. (2003). Textbook of work physiology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

2. Harris JA, Benedict FG (1918). A Biometric Study of Human Basal Metabolism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 4 (12): 370–3. [Video # 8 under the Module 4: Work physiology]

3. Roza AM, Shizgal HM (1984). The Harris Benedict equation reevaluated: resting energy requirements and the body cell mass. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 40 (1): 168–82. [Video # 8 under the Module 4: Work physiology]

4. Mifflin MD, St Jeor ST, Hill LA, Scott BJ, Daugherty SA, Koh YO (1990). A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 51 (2): 241–7. [Video # 8 under the Module 4: Work physiology]

5. Keytel, L. R., Goedecke, J. H., Noakes, T. D., Hiiloskorpi, H., Laukkanen, R., van der Merwe, L., & Lambert, E. V. (2005). Prediction of energy expenditure from heart rate monitoring during submaximal exercise. Journal of sports sciences, 23(3), 289-297. [Video # 9 under the Module 4: Work physiology]

6. Cavagna, G. A., Saibene, F. P., & Margaria, R. (1964). Mechanical work in running. Journal of applied physiology, 19(2), 249-256. [Video: Calculation of Running Mechanical Work]

7. Cavagna, G. (2019). Fundamentals of human physiology, 1st Edition. Springer ISBN-10: 3030194035 ISBN-13: 978-3030194031. [Running and Walking Metabolic Cost/Calorie Burn Calculation]

Reference for Module 5 Workstation Design Using Anthropometric Design Principle

1. Pheasant, S., & Haslegrave, C. M. (2016). Bodyspace: Anthropometry, ergonomics and the design of work, 3rd Edition. Boca Raton : CRC Press.

2. Pheasant, S., & Haslegrave, C. M. (2006). Bodyspace: Anthropometry, ergonomics, and the design of work. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis. 

3. Helander, M. (2005). A guide to human factors and ergonomics, 2nd Edition. Crc Press.

4. Anthropometric Reference Data for Children and Adults: United States, 2011–2014

Reference for Module 6 NIOSH lifting Equation

1. Applications manual for the revised NIOSH lifting equation

Reference for Module 7 RULA, REBA, SI, Borg, & SOFI

1. Borg Scale:Borg, G. A. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med sci sports exerc, 14(5), 377-381.

2. Cornell University Ergonomics Web. http://ergo.human.cornell.edu/cutools.html . Retrieved on February 2017. [MS Excel macros can be downloaded from the Cornell Ergo site]

3. SOFI Scale: Åhsberg, E., & Gamberale, F. (1998). Perceived fatigue during physical work: an experimental evaluation of a fatigue inventory. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 21(2), 117-131.

4. RULA: McAtamney, L., & Corlett, E. N. (1993). RULA: a survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders. Applied ergonomics, 24(2), 91-99.

5. REBA: Hignett, S., & McAtamney, L. (2000). Rapid entire body assessment (REBA). Applied ergonomics, 31(2), 201-205.

6. Strain Index: Steven Moore, J., & Garg, A. (1995). The strain index: a proposed method to analyze jobs for risk of distal upper extremity disorders. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 56(5), 443-458.

7. Snook Table: Snook, S. H., & Ciriello, V. M. (1991). The design of manual handling tasks: revised tables of maximum acceptable weights and forces. Ergonomics, 34(9), 1197-1213.

8. Snook Table: Snook, S. H. (1978). The Ergonomics Society the Society's Lecture 1978. THE design of manual handling tasks. Ergonomics, 21(12), 963-985.

Reference for Module 8 Work Environment Noise

1. Sanders, M. and McCormick E. (1993) Human Factors In Engineering and Design 7th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education.

2. OSHA Technical Manual (Guidelines) on Noise

Reference for Module 9 Work Environment Climate

1. Sanders, M. and McCormick E. (1993) Human Factors In Engineering and Design 7th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education.

2. Occupational Exposure to Heat and Hot Environments by Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

3. Heat Stress - Heat Related Illness, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services

Reference for Module 10 Risk, Safety & Hazard Assessment Tools: FTA & FMEA

1. Nancy R. Tague. (2005). The quality toolbox. Asq Press.

2. Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure mode and effect analysis: FMEA from theory to execution. Quality Press.

3. Freivalds, A., Niebel, B. (2013). Niebel's Methods, Standards, & Work Design, 13th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education

Reference for Module 11 Time Study

1. Freivalds, A., Niebel, B. (2013). Niebel's Methods, Standards, & Work Design, 13th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education (Video # 1. Cycle Time Calculation)

2. Konz, S and Johnson, S (2008).  Work Design:  Occupational Ergonomics, 7th Edition.  Holcomb Hathaway Publications: Scottsdale, AZ. (Video # 2. Work & Occurrence Sampling)

3. Lowry, S. M., H. B. Maynard, and G. J. Stegemerten. Time and Motion Study and Formulas for Wage Incentives . 3d ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1940.

4. Therbligs: The Keys to Simplifying Work