Human Factors & Ergonomics
Module 1
Introduction to Ergonomics
Part I: Human Capability
Module 2
Occupational Anatomy
Module 3
Occupational Biomechanics
Lever Systems in the Human Body Explained with Example Knee Joint First, Second or Third Class?
Biomechanical Effect of Work Back Muscle (Erector Spinae) Force Calculation Example
Which Population Strength Should You Use to Design Physical Work? – It’s Not What You Think
The Reasons for Various Levers in the Human Body – Evolved or God Given?
Calf Muscle and Ankle Joint Reaction Forces | When the Foot Begins to Move Up
Calf Muscle and Ankle Joint Reaction Forces | When the Foot Is All the Way Up
Why the Calf Muscle Requires Thousands of Pounds Despite Its Mechanical Advantage Second-Class Lever
Module 4
Occupational Physiology
You could download the formulas used in the videos: Work Physiology Formulas updated Feb 2020
Activity Training Exercise Ergonomic Zone of Heart Rate Reserve
Calorie Burn Calculation in Running Using Body Weight & Distance
Calorie Burn Calculation in Walking Using Body Weight & Distance
Part II: Workstation
Module 5
Workstation Design Using Anthropometric Design Principle
You must check the ADA guidelines before using the design principles demonstrated in the following videos. For example, (1) the grocery store checkout counter height should be no more than 38 inches tall, (2) An accessible table has a surface height of no more than 34 inches and no less than 28 inches above the floor (restaurant table), (3) etc.
Workstation Design Using Anthropometric Principle Door Height Example
Workstation Design Using Anthropometric Principle Non-Adjustable Chair Height Example
Workstation Design Using Anthropometric Principle Adjustable Chair Height Example
Workstation Design Using Anthropometric Principle Non-Adjustable Table Desk Example
Workstation Design Using Anthropometric Principle Chair Seat Width Example
Workstation Design Using Anthropometric Principle Airplane Seat Width Example
Workstation Design Using Anthropometric Principle Seat Length Example
Workstation Design Using Anthropometric Principle Bicycle Top Tube Example
Part III: Manual Work
Module 6
NIOSH Lifting Equation
NIOSH Lifting Equation Multi-Tasks Example (Only for Graduate Students)
Module 7
Manual Work Design Tools and Methods
Part IV: Work Environment
Module 8
Work Environment Noise
How to calculate the Time Weighted Average TWA for Noise Exposure Level for an eight hour work-shift
Module 9
Work Environment Climate
Heat Stress Evaluation Basic Method used by OSHA NIOSH CDC Explained With Examples
Heat Stress Evaluation Quick and Easy Method Used by OSHA NIOSH CDC Explained with Examples
Acclimatization Guideline by OSHA, NIOSH, & CDC, Exposure to Heat and Hot Environments Explained
Heat Stress Heat Related Illness Heat Stroke, Heat Exhaustion, Rhabdomyolysis, Heat Syncope, Heat Cramps, Heat Rash, Symptoms & What to do? (Document Used in the Video)
Part V: Hazard Analysis
Module 10
Risk, Safety & Hazard Assessment Tools: FTA & FMEA
Part VI: Time Study
Module 11
Time Study & Work Measurement
Learning Curve Explained with Example Calculations Using MS Excel
Introduction to Work Measurement Motion Time Study (Document used in the Video)
How to determine cycle time, required number observations, sample size
How to Determine Work Occurrence Sampling, Observations, and Sample Size
Introduction to Predetermined Time Systems, Time and Motion Study, Methods-Time Measurement, MTM
References
References for Module 1 Introduction to Ergonomics
*All references for each module are listed based on the use in the video demonstrations, not by the alphabetic order.
Overall
Sanders, M. and McCormick E. (1993) Human Factors In Engineering and Design 7th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education.
Konz, S and Johnson, S (2008). Work Design: Occupational Ergonomics, 7th Edition. Holcomb Hathaway Publications: Scottsdale, AZ.
Pheasant, S., & Haslegrave, C. M. (2016). Bodyspace: Anthropometry, ergonomics and the design of work, 3rd Edition. Boca Raton : CRC Press.
Freivalds, A., Niebel, B. (2013). Niebel's Methods, Standards, & Work Design, 13th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education
Chaffin, D. B., Andersson, G. B. J., Martin, B. J., & John Wiley & Sons. (2006). Occupational biomechanics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Åstrand, P.-O. (2003). Textbook of work physiology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Helander, M. (2005). A guide to human factors and ergonomics, 2nd Edition. Crc Press.
2. Cognitive Ergonomics
Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G., Banbury, S. & Parasuraman, R. (2012). Engineering Psychology and Human Performance. London: Taylor and Francis.
3. Macroergonomics/Organizational Ergonomics
Pasmore, W. A. (1988). Designing effective organizations: The sociotechnical systems perspective. New York: Wiley.
Hendrick, H. W., & In Kleiner, B. M. (2009). Macroergonomics: Theory, methods, and applications. Mahwah, N.J: CRC Press.
Reference for Module 2 Occupational Anatomy
Chaffin, D. B., Andersson, G. B. J., Martin, B. J., & John Wiley & Sons. (2006). Occupational biomechanics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Reese, N. B., & Bandy, W. D. (2016). Joint range of motion and muscle length testing. 3rd edition. ISBN-10: 1455758825, ISBN-13: 978-1455758821.
Delavier, F. (2010). Strength training anatomy, 3rd Edition. Human Kinetics, Inc. ISBN-10: 0736092269, ISBN-13: 978-0736092265.
Reference for Module 3 Occupational Biomechanics
Chaffin, D. B., Andersson, G. B. J., Martin, B. J., & John Wiley & Sons. (2006). Occupational biomechanics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Delavier, F. (2010). Strength training anatomy, 3rd Edition. Human Kinetics, Inc. ISBN-10: 0736092269, ISBN-13: 978-0736092265.
Konz, S and Johnson, S (2008). Work Design: Occupational Ergonomics, 7th Edition. Holcomb Hathaway Publications: Scottsdale, AZ.
Reference for Module 4 Occupational Physiology
Åstrand, P.-O. (2003). Textbook of work physiology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Harris JA, Benedict FG (1918). A Biometric Study of Human Basal Metabolism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 4 (12): 370–3. [Video # 8 under the Module 4: Work physiology]
Roza AM, Shizgal HM (1984). The Harris Benedict equation reevaluated: resting energy requirements and the body cell mass. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 40 (1): 168–82. [Video # 8 under the Module 4: Work physiology]
Mifflin MD, St Jeor ST, Hill LA, Scott BJ, Daugherty SA, Koh YO (1990). A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 51 (2): 241–7. [Video # 8 under the Module 4: Work physiology]
Keytel, L. R., Goedecke, J. H., Noakes, T. D., Hiiloskorpi, H., Laukkanen, R., van der Merwe, L., & Lambert, E. V. (2005). Prediction of energy expenditure from heart rate monitoring during submaximal exercise. Journal of sports sciences, 23(3), 289-297. [Video # 9 under the Module 4: Work physiology]
Cavagna, G. A., Saibene, F. P., & Margaria, R. (1964). Mechanical work in running. Journal of applied physiology, 19(2), 249-256. [Video: Calculation of Running Mechanical Work]
Cavagna, G. (2019). Fundamentals of human physiology, 1st Edition. Springer ISBN-10: 3030194035 ISBN-13: 978-3030194031. [Running and Walking Metabolic Cost/Calorie Burn Calculation]
Reference for Module 5 Workstation Design Using Anthropometric Design Principle
Pheasant, S., & Haslegrave, C. M. (2016). Bodyspace: Anthropometry, ergonomics and the design of work, 3rd Edition. Boca Raton : CRC Press.
Pheasant, S., & Haslegrave, C. M. (2006). Bodyspace: Anthropometry, ergonomics, and the design of work. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis.
Helander, M. (2005). A guide to human factors and ergonomics, 2nd Edition. Crc Press.
Anthropometric Reference Data for Children and Adults: United States, 2011–2014
Reference for Module 6 NIOSH lifting Equation
Reference for Module 7 RULA, REBA, SI, Borg, & SOFI
Borg Scale:Borg, G. A. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med sci sports exerc, 14(5), 377-381.
Cornell University Ergonomics Web. http://ergo.human.cornell.edu/cutools.html . Retrieved on February 2017. [MS Excel macros can be downloaded from the Cornell Ergo site]
SOFI Scale: Åhsberg, E., & Gamberale, F. (1998). Perceived fatigue during physical work: an experimental evaluation of a fatigue inventory. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 21(2), 117-131.
RULA: McAtamney, L., & Corlett, E. N. (1993). RULA: a survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders. Applied ergonomics, 24(2), 91-99.
REBA: Hignett, S., & McAtamney, L. (2000). Rapid entire body assessment (REBA). Applied ergonomics, 31(2), 201-205.
Strain Index: Steven Moore, J., & Garg, A. (1995). The strain index: a proposed method to analyze jobs for risk of distal upper extremity disorders. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 56(5), 443-458.
Snook Table: Snook, S. H., & Ciriello, V. M. (1991). The design of manual handling tasks: revised tables of maximum acceptable weights and forces. Ergonomics, 34(9), 1197-1213.
Snook Table: Snook, S. H. (1978). The Ergonomics Society the Society's Lecture 1978. THE design of manual handling tasks. Ergonomics, 21(12), 963-985.
Reference for Module 8 Work Environment Noise
Sanders, M. and McCormick E. (1993) Human Factors In Engineering and Design 7th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education.
Reference for Module 9 Work Environment Climate
Sanders, M. and McCormick E. (1993) Human Factors In Engineering and Design 7th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education.
Reference for Module 10 Risk, Safety & Hazard Assessment Tools: FTA & FMEA
Nancy R. Tague. (2005). The quality toolbox. Asq Press.
Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure mode and effect analysis: FMEA from theory to execution. Quality Press.
Freivalds, A., Niebel, B. (2013). Niebel's Methods, Standards, & Work Design, 13th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education
Reference for Module 11 Time Study
Freivalds, A., Niebel, B. (2013). Niebel's Methods, Standards, & Work Design, 13th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education (Video # 1. Cycle Time Calculation)
Konz, S and Johnson, S (2008). Work Design: Occupational Ergonomics, 7th Edition. Holcomb Hathaway Publications: Scottsdale, AZ. (Video # 2. Work & Occurrence Sampling)
Lowry, S. M., H. B. Maynard, and G. J. Stegemerten. Time and Motion Study and Formulas for Wage Incentives . 3d ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1940.