Testing Hypothesis involves all four steps of the design of experiments described details in the introductory module 1. Hypothesis testing starts with the development of the research question(s), which is the hypothesis or educated guess (a well-researched question). In step two of the hypothesis testing, an appropriate statistical method is applied to conduct the experiment. In the third step, data is analyzed to produce statistical results. Finally, statistical results are interpreted in the context of the problem without using any statistical jargon. Statistical analysis methods utilize both the niceness (e.g. mean) and the craziness (e.g. variance) of the data to produce the Inferential statistics, even though the primary interest is the mean effect from a treatment. Statistical analysis methods are generally called Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as the variance/standard deviation also includes the mean within it. ANOVA provides the details of the data. Therefore, ANOVA is the general name for the statistical analysis that utilizes any statistical method(s). Video 1 explains the analysis of variance (ANOVA).